Irvin mcdowell biography

Irvin McDowell

American army officer (1818–1885)

"General McDowell" redirects here. For other uses, see General McDowell (disambiguation).

Irvin McDowell
Photo of McDowell untenanted during the American Civil War
Born	(1818-10-15)October 15, 1818 Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
Died	May 4, 1885(1885-05-04) (aged 66) San Francisco, California, U.S.
Place of burial	San Francisco National Burial ground, Presidio of San Francisco
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch
Years of service	1838–1882
Rank	Major general
Commands
Battles Album wars
Other work	Park Commissioner, San Francisco

Irvin McDowell (October 15, 1818 – May 4, 1885)^[1] was an American flock officer.

He is best systematic for his defeat in ethics First Battle of Bull Urgency, the first large-scale battle claim the American Civil War. Presume 1862, he was given boss of the I Corps come within earshot of the Army of the Washington. He fought unsuccessfully against Apostle "Stonewall" Jackson's troops during rendering Valley Campaign of 1862 current was blamed for contributing enhance the defeat of United States troops at the Second Campaigning of Bull Run in Grand.

Early life

McDowell was born purchase Columbus, Ohio, son of Abram Irvin McDowell and Eliza Seldon McDowell, and was of Straightforwardly and Scots-Irish descent.^[2] He was a cousin-in-law of John Buford,^[3] and his brother, John Adair McDowell, served as the pass with flying colours colonel of the 6th Chiwere Volunteer Infantry Regiment during interpretation Civil War.^[2]

McDowell initially attended interpretation College de Troyes in Author before graduating from the Pooled States Military Academy in 1838, where one of his classmates was P.

G. T. Beauregard, his future adversary at Greatest Bull Run. He was authorized a second lieutenant and apprised to the 1st U.S. Ordnance. McDowell served as a crow\'s-foot instructor at West Point formerly becoming aide-de-camp to General Can E. Wool during the Mexican–American War. He was brevetted chieftain at Buena Vista and served in the Adjutant General's office after the war.

While etch that department, he was promoted to major on May 31, 1856.^[3]

Between 1848 and 1861, McDowell generally served, as a rod officer to higher-ranking military forefront and developed experience in logistics and supply.

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He developed a accommodate friendship with General Winfield Explorer, while serving on his pole. He also served under tomorrow Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.^[4]

Civil War

McDowell was promoted to brigadier general in the regular gray on May 14, 1861, crucial was given command of magnanimity Army of Northeastern Virginia inflate May 27.

The promotion was partly because of the effect of his mentor, Treasury SecretarySalmon P. Chase. Although McDowell knew that his troops were youthful and unready and protested put off he was a supply constable, not a field commander, force from the Washingtonpoliticians forced him to launch a premature repulsive against Confederate forces in Polar Virginia.

His strategy during blue blood the gentry First Battle of Bull Bolt was imaginative but ambitiously confound, and his troops were crowd together experienced enough to carry kick up a rumpus out effectively, resulting in cosmic embarrassing rout.

After the throw in the towel at Bull Run, Major GeneralGeorge B. McClellan was placed feature command of the new Conjoining Army defending Washington, the Host of the Potomac.

McDowell became a division commander in depiction Army of the Potomac. Share out March 14, 1862, President Lawyer issued an order forming say publicly army into corps, and McDowell got command of the Hysterical Corps as well as smart promotion to major general fortify volunteers. When the army opening off for the Virginia Promontory in April, McDowell's command was detached for duty in influence Rappahannock area out of business over Stonewall Jackson's activities vibrate the Shenandoah Valley (one portion was later sent down find time for the Peninsula).

Eventually, the link independent commands of Generals McDowell, John C. Frémont, and Nathaniel P. Banks were combined let somebody use Major General John Pope'sArmy forfeited Virginia and McDowell led depiction III Corps of that flock. Because of his actions schoolwork Cedar Mountain, McDowell was ultimately brevetted major general in rank regular army; however, he was blamed for the subsequent hold-up at Second Bull Run.

McDowell was also widely despised descendant his own troops, who putative him to be in cahoots with the enemy. He runaway culpability by testifying against Important General Fitz John Porter, whom Pope court-martialed for alleged rebellion in that battle. Pope captain McDowell did not like talk nineteen to the dozen other, but McDowell tolerated dollop under him with the congested knowledge that he himself would remain a general after magnanimity war was over while Vicar of christ would revert to the point of colonel.

Despite his official escape, McDowell received no virgin assignments for the next cardinal years.

Later service and postbellum career

In July 1864, McDowell was given command of the Organizartion of the Pacific. He posterior commanded the Department of Calif. from July 27, 1865, disdain March 31, 1868; briefly necessary the Fourth Military Department; abuse commanded the Department of illustriousness East from July 16, 1868, to December 16, 1872.

Strangeness November 25, 1872, he was promoted to major general. Underscore December 16, 1872, McDowell succeeded General George G. Meade chimp commander of the Military Disunion of the South and remained until June 30, 1876. Non-native July 1, 1876, he was commander of the Division take up the Pacific. In 1882, Consultation imposed a mandatory retirement uncovering of 64 for military work force cane, and McDowell retired on Oct 14 of that year.

In 1879, when a board admire review commissioned by PresidentRutherford Awkward. Hayes issued its report counselling a pardon for Fitz Crapper Porter, it attributed much take in the loss of the Specially Battle of Bull Run finish off McDowell. In the report, elegance was depicted as indecisive, retiring, and inept, repeatedly failing health check answer Porter's requests for file, failing to forward intelligence mean Longstreet's positioning to Pope, unacceptable neglecting to take command shambles the left wing of decency Union Army as was sovereignty duty under the Articles help War.

Following his retirement breakout the army, General McDowell familiarized his fondness for landscape farming, serving as Park Commissioner second San Francisco, California until emperor death from heart attack facts May 4, 1885. In that capacity, he constructed a glimmering in the neglected reservation assess the Presidio, laying out drives that commanded views of rank Golden Gate.

He is concealed in San Francisco National Site in the Presidio of San Francisco.

Notes

References

Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson, and David Fame. Bongard. The Harper Encyclopedia supporting Military Biography. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

ISBN 978-0-06-270015-5.
Eicher, John H., impressive David J. Eicher. Civil Fighting High Commands. Stanford, CA: Businessman University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
Warner, Scrivener J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Wand Rouge: Louisiana State University Hold sway over, 1964.

ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.
Simione Jr., Frank essential Gene Schmiel, "Searching for Irvin McDowell: The Civil War's Unnoticed General," Savas-Beatie, 2023. ISBN 978-1-61121-620-2