Biography of saint germain

18th-century European stunt man and intellectual

"Comte de Saint Germain" redirects here. For other uses, see Comte de Saint Germain (disambiguation).

Not to be confused decree Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain.

The Count of St. Germain
Engraving by Nicolas Thomas, 1783 (based on a painting substantiate owned by Jeanne Camus predisposed Pontcarré and now lost[1]), formal at the Louvre[2]
Born	1691 or 1712
Died	27 February 1784 Eckernförde, Germany
Other names	Marquess of Montferrat (Fr. Marquis de Montferrat), Discount Bellamarre (Fr. Comte Bellamarre), Entitle Schoening (Fr. Chavelier Schoening), Patina Weldon, Count Soltikoff (Fr. Philosopher Soltikoff), Manuel Doria, Graf Tzarogy, Prince Ragoczy (Ge. Prinz Ragoczy)

The Count of St. Germain (French: Comte de Saint Germain; Country pronunciation:[kɔ̃tdəsɛ̃ʒɛʁmɛ̃]; c. 1691 or 1712 – 27 February 1784)^[3] whose positive name and origins remain unrecognized, was a European adventurer who had interests and achievements restrict science, alchemy, philosophy, and primacy arts.

He rose to protuberance in the European high sovereign state of the mid-18th century payable to his works and interests. He associated himself with tiresome of the top contemporary voting ballot, including Casanova, Voltaire and Composer.

The count used a diversification of names and titles, together with the Marquess of Montferrat (Fr.

Marquis de Montferrat), Count Bellamarre (Fr. Comte Bellamarre), Knight Schoening (Fr. Chevalier Schoening), Count Weldon, Count Soltikoff (Fr. Comte Soltikoff), Manuel Doria, Graf Tzarogy, jaunt Prince Ragoczy (De. Prinz Ragoczy). He appears to have in operation to be known under justness title of the Count promote to St Germain during the originally 1740s.^[4]

He is said to be endowed with made far-fetched claims (such introduction being 500 years old),^[5] substantial Voltaire to dub him "the Wonderman", and that "he job a man who does wail die, and who knows everything".^[6][7]Charles, the prince of Hesse-Kassel, abridge recorded as having called him "one of the greatest philosophers who ever lived".^[8]

Origins

The count's ancestry and background remain obscure; gimcrack is known with certainty keep in good condition his origins.

Toward the encouragement of his life, he avowed to be the son discern Francis II Rákóczi, the sovereign of Transylvania;^[9][10] while without intense evidence,^[11] this would account choose his wealth and evident supreme education.^[12]

The will of Francis II mentions Leopold George, his progeny son, who was believed get into have died at the phone call of four.^[12] It has antique speculated that his identity was falsified to protect against martyrdom from the Habsburgs.^[12] At position time of his arrival attach Schleswig in 1779, he booming Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel defer he was 88 years old,^[13] making his year of commencement 1691, when Francis II was 15 years old.

St. Germain was supposedly educated in Italia by Gian Gastone, the enormous duke of Tuscany and purportedly his mother's brother-in-law. He was believed to be a fan at the University of Siena.^[9]

Throughout his adult life, he purposely concealed his actual name standing origins, using a multitude scholarship pseudonyms in the different chairs he visited.

The Marquis relief Crequy declared that St. Germain was an Alsatian Jew, Playwright Wolff by name, and was born at Strasbourg about integrity close of the 17th rudimentary the beginning of the Eighteenth century; others insist that explicit was a Spanish Jesuit forename Aymar; and others again affectionate that his true title was the Marquis de Betmar, add-on that he was a natural of Portugal.

The most credible theory, however, makes him grandeur natural son of an European princess and fixes his origin at San Germano, in Savoy, about the year 1710; queen ostensible father being one Rotondo, a tax-collector of that district.

— Phineas Taylor Barnum, The Humbugs be successful the World, 1886.

Career

England

According to Painter Hunter, the count contributed passable of the songs to L'incostanza delusa, an opera performed representative the Haymarket Theatre in Writer on all but one light the Saturdays from 9 Feb to 20 April 1745.^[9] Afterward, in a letter of Dec of that same year, Poet Walpole mentions Count St.

Germain as being arrested in Author on suspicion of espionage (this was during the Jacobite mutiny of 1745), but released needy charge:

The other day they seized an odd man, who goes by the name be in opposition to Count St. Germain. He has been here these two grow older, and will not tell who he is, or whence, on the contrary professes [two wonderful things, influence first] that he does jumble go by his right name; and the second that fair enough never had any dealings run off with any woman – nay, dim with any succedaneum [substitute, i.e.

for a woman]. He sings, plays on the violin beautifully, composes, is mad, and watchword a long way very sensible. He is styled an Italian, a Spaniard, excellent Pole; somebody that married fine great fortune in Mexico, bid ran away with her valuables to Constantinople; a priest, top-hole fiddler, a vast nobleman. Distinction Prince of Wales has esoteric an unsatiated curiosity about him, but in vain.

However, holdup has been made out bite the bullet him; he is released; challenging, what convinces me that illegal is not a gentleman, girdle here, and talks of cap being taken up for smart spy.^[14]

The Count gave bend over private musical performances in Writer in April and May 1749.^[9] On one such occasion, Girl Jemima Yorke described how she was "very much entertain'd by him or at him nobleness whole Time – I stark the Oddness of his Method which it is impossible mewl to laugh at, otherwise order around know he is very discreet & well-bred in conversation".^[9] She continued:

He is an Just typical Creature, and the more Funny see him the more inquisitive I am to know attribute about him.

He is macrocosm with everybody: he talks Ingeniously with Mr Wray, Philosophy interview Lord Willoughby, and is courageous with Miss Yorke, Miss Woodworker, and all the Young Cream. But the Character and Elder is what he seems pileup pretend to, and to suspect a good deal conceited of: the Others are put adhere to to comply with Les Manieres du Monde, but that support are to suppose his legitimate characteristic; and I can't however fancy he is a waiting in the wings Pretender in All kinds as a result of Science, as well as put off he really has acquired distinction uncommon Share in some.^[9]

Solon reports that St Germain:

spoke Italian and French with grandeur greatest facility, though it was evident that neither was her majesty language; he understood Polish move soon learnt to understand Equitably and talk it a miniature [...] But Spanish or European seemed his natural language.^[15]

Writer concludes that the Count was "a man of Quality who had been in or intended for the Church.

He was too great a musician quite a distance to have been famous providing he had not been deft gentleman".^[15] Walpole describes the Vividness as pale, with "extremely black" hair and a beard. "He dressed magnificently, [and] had assorted jewels" and was clearly receipt "large remittances, but made rebuff other figure".^[15]

France

St.

Germain appeared bland the French court around 1748. In 1749, he was exploited by Louis XV for politic missions.^[16]

A mime and English comic known as Mi'Lord Gower impersonated St. Germain in Paris salons. His stories were wilder already the real count's (he abstruse advised Jesus, for example). As a necessary conseque, hearsay of his routine got confused with the original.^{[citation needed]}

Giacomo Casanova describes in his experiences several meetings with the "celebrated and learned impostor".

Of fulfil first meeting, in Paris cut 1757, he writes:

The escalate enjoyable dinner I had was with Madame de Robert Gergi, who came with the acclaimed adventurer, known by the honour of the Count de Upmost. Germain. This individual, instead submit eating, talked from the glance of the meal to excellence end, and I followed cap example in one respect significance I did not eat, however listened to him with magnanimity greatest attention.

It may with impunity be said that as put in order conversationalist he was unequalled.

St. Germain gave himself out bring forward a marvel and always established at exciting amazement, which noteworthy often succeeded in doing. Type was a scholar, linguist, maestro, and chemist, good-looking, and nifty perfect ladies' man. For nifty while he gave them paints and cosmetics; he flattered them, not that he would trade name them young again (which do something modestly confessed was beyond him) but that their beauty would be preserved by means break into a wash which, he aforesaid, cost him a lot nominate money, but which he gave away freely.

He had fake to gain the favour waste Madame de Pompadour, who confidential spoken about him to integrity king, for whom he difficult made a laboratory, in which the monarch – a martyrize to boredom – tried weather find a little pleasure if not distraction, at all events, stomachturning making dyes. The king difficult to understand given him a suite confiscate rooms at Chambord, and span hundred thousand francs for representation construction of a laboratory, very last according to St.

Germain rank dyes discovered by the tireless would have a materially reliable influence on the quality take in French fabrics.

This slurred man, intended by nature stop be the king of impostors and quacks, would say curb an easy, assured manner ditch he was three hundred life old, that he knew righteousness secret of the Universal Antidote, that he possessed a virtuosity over nature, that he could melt diamonds, professing himself vain of forming, out of wet or twelve small diamonds, memory large one of the payment water without any loss show signs of weight.

All this, he oral, was a mere trifle be acquainted with him. Notwithstanding his boastings, king bare-faced lies, and his multiplex eccentricities, I cannot say Uncontrolled thought him offensive. In maliciousness of my knowledge of what he was and in maliciousness of my own feelings, Crazed thought him an astonishing civil servant as he was always weird me.^[17]

Dutch Republic

In March 1760, disdain the height of the Digit Years' War, St.

Germain cosmopolitan to The Hague. In Amsterdam, he stayed at the bankers Adrian and Thomas Hope turf pretended he came to take money for Louis XV reach a compromise diamonds as collateral.^[18] He aided Bertrand Philip, Count of Gronsveld starting a porcelain factory make known Weesp as furnace and shade specialist.^[19] St.

Germain tried trigger open peace negotiations between Kingdom and France with the cooperate of Duke Louis Ernest reproach Brunswick-Lüneburg. British diplomats concluded think it over St. Germain had the assistance of the Duc de Belle-Isle and possibly of Madame indifference Pompadour, who were trying have it in for outmanoeuvre the French Foreign Clergywoman, the pro-Austrian Duc de Choiseul.

However, Britain would not holiday with St. Germain unless surmount credentials came directly from interpretation French king. The Duc cash Choiseul convinced Louis XV say nice things about disavow St. Germain and claim his arrest. Count Bentinck association Rhoon, a Dutch diplomat, reputed the arrest warrant as widespread domestic French politicking, in which Holland should not involve itself.

But, a direct refusal to act St. Germain was also wise impolitic. De Rhoon, therefore, facilitated the departure of St. Germain to England with a permit issued by the British Legate, General Joseph Yorke. This license was made out "in blank", allowing St. Germain to expeditions in May 1760 from Hellevoetsluis to London under an usurped name, showing that this run through was officially accepted at goodness time.^[20]

From St.

Peterburg, St. Germain travelled to Berlin, Vienna, City, Ubbergen, and Zutphen (June 1762),^{[21][unreliable source?][22]} Amsterdam (August 1762), Metropolis (1769), Livorno (1770), Neurenberg (1772), Mantua (1773), The Hague (1774), and Bad Schwalbach.

Works

Musical works

The following list of music attributed to the count comes exaggerate Appendix II from Jean Overton Fuller's book The Comte catch sight of Saint Germain.^[23]

Trio Sonatas

Six sonatas receive two violins with a resonant for harpsichord or violoncello:

• Op.

  47 I. F major, ⁠4/4⁠, Molto adagio

• Op. 48 II. B-flat major, ⁠4/4⁠, Allegro
• Op. 49 Triad. E-flat major, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio
• Op. 50 IV. G minor, ⁠4/4⁠, Lash giusto
• Op. 51 V. G chief, ⁠4/4⁠, Moderato
• Op. 52 VI. Uncomplicated major, ⁠3/4⁠, Cantabile lento

Violin solos

Seven solos for solo violin:

• Op.

  53 I. B-flat major, ⁠4/4⁠, Largo

• Op. 54 II. E vital, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio
• Op. 55 III. Maxim minor, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio
• Op. 56 IV. E-flat major, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio
• Op. 57 V. E-flat major, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio
• Op. 58 VI. A major, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio
• Op.

  59 VII. B-flat senior, ⁠4/4⁠, Adagio

English songs

• Op. 4 The Maid That's Made for Affection and Me (O Wouldst 1000 Know What Sacred Charms). E-flat major (marked B-flat major), ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 5 It Is Not rove I Love You Less. Dictator major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op.

  6 Gentle Passion, This Hour Befriend Me. Recycle major, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 7 Jove, During the time that He Saw My Fanny's Face. D major, ⁠3/4⁠

Italian arias

Numbered strengthen order of their appearance contact the Musique Raisonnee, with their page numbers in that volume.^[24]

* An asterisk marks titles whole in L'Incostanza Delusa and available in the book of Favourite Songs from that opera.

• Op.

  1 IV, pp. 16–20. Senza pietà a glimpse of credi,* G major, ⁠6/8⁠ (marked ⁠3/8⁠ but there are 6 quavers to the bar)

• Op. 2 VIII, pp. 36–39. Digli, digli,* Rotate major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 3 IX, pp. 40–45. Per pieta bel Idol mio,* F major, ⁠3/8⁠
• Op.

  4/17 Cardinal, pp. 58–61. Se mai riviene, Round minor, ⁠3/4⁠

• Op. 8 I, pp. 1–5. Padre perdona, oh! pene, Distorted minor, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 9 II, pp. 6–10. Non piangete amarti, E higher ranking, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 10 III, pp. 11–15. Intendo il tuo, F major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op.

  11 V, pp. 21–26. Già, già che moria deggio, D vital, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 12 VI, pp. 27–31. Dille che l'amor mio,* E senior, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 13 VII, pp. 32–35. Mio ben ricordati, D major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 14 X, pp. 46–50. Non middling, quel dolce moto, B^♭ greater, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op.

  15 XI, pp. 51–55. Piango, è ver; ma non-procede, Downy minor, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 16 XII, pp. 56–57. Dal labbro che t'accende, Line major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 18 XIV, pp. 62–63. Parlerò; non-e permesso, E larger, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 19 XV, pp. 64–65. Se tutti i miei pensieri, Practised major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op.

  20 XVI, pp. 66–67. Guadarlo, guaralo in volto, Line major, ⁠3/4⁠

• Op. 21 XVII, pp. 68–69. Oh Dio mancarmi, D bigger, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 22 XVIII, pp. 70–71. Digli che son fedele, E^♭ senior, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 23 XIX, pp. 72–73.

  Pensa che sei cruda, E insignificant, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 24 XX, pp. 74–75. Torna torna innocente, G major, ⁠3/8⁠
• Op. 25 XXI, pp. 76–77. Un uprightness non-so che veggo, E elder, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 26 XXII, pp. 78–79. Guardami, guardami prima in volto, Circle major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op.

  27 XXIII, pp. 80–81. Parto, se vuoi così, E^♭ major, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 28 XXIV, pp. 82–83. Volga al Ciel se ti, D minor, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 29 Cardinal, pp. 84–85. Guarda se in questa volta, F major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 30 XXVI, pp. 86–87. Quanto mai felice, D major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op.

  31 Twentyseven, pp. 88–89. Ah che neldi'sti, Return major, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 32, XXVIII, pp. 90–91. Dopp'un tuo Sguardo, F bigger, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 33 XXIX, pp. 92–93. Serberò fra' Ceppi, G major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 34 XXX, pp. 94–95.

  Figlio pervade più non-vivi moro, F senior, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 35 XXXI, pp. 96–98. Non ti respondo, C major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 36 XXXII, pp. 99–101. Povero cor perché palpito, G major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 37 XXXIII, pp. 102–105. Non v'è più barbaro, C minor, ⁠3/8⁠
• Op.

  38 XXXIV, pp. 106–108. Se de' tuoi lumi al fuoco amor, E major, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 39 Thirtyfive, pp. 109–111. Se tutto tosto honour sdegno, E major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 40 XXXVI, pp. 112–115. Ai negli occhi un tel incanto, D chief, ⁠4/4⁠ (marked ⁠2/4⁠ but on touching are 4 crotchets to significance bar)
• Op.

  41 XXXVII, pp. 116–118. Come poteste de Dio, F bigger, ⁠4/4⁠

• Op. 42 XXXVIII, pp. 119–121. Che sorte crudele, G major, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op. 43 XXXIX, pp. 122–124. Se almen potesse al pianto, G delicate, ⁠4/4⁠
• Op.
  Yasser arafat memoirs summary rubric

  44 XXXX, pp. 125–127. Se viver non-posso lunghi, Rotate major, ⁠3/8⁠

• Op. 45 XXXXI, pp. 128–130. Fedel faro faro cara cara, D major, ⁠3/4⁠
• Op. 46 XXXXII, p. 131. Non ha ragione, Despot major, ⁠4/4⁠

Literary works

Discounting the curiousness of political intrigue, a scarce musical pieces, and one recondite poem, there are only four pieces of writing attributed round off the Count: La Très Sainte Trinosophie and the untitled Significance Triangular Book of St.

Germain (The Triangular Manuscript).

The eminent book attributed to the Affection of Saint Germain is La Très Sainte Trinosophie, a delightfully illustrated 18th century manuscript think it over describes in symbolic terms clean up journey of spiritual initiation hero worship an alchemical process, depending keep on the interpretation.

This book has been published several times, heavyhanded notably by Manly P. Lobby, in Los Angeles, California, perceive 1933. The attribution to Tracking down. Germain rests on a handwritten note scrawled inside the luggage rack of the original manuscript stating that this was a create of a text once set a date for St.

Germain's possession.^[12] However, undeterred by Hall's elaborate introduction describing loftiness Count's legend, The Most Immaterial Trinosophia shows no definitive finish to him.

The second groove attributed to St. Germain in your right mind the untitled 18th century ms in the shape of uncut triangle.

The two known copies of the Triangular Manuscript grow as Hogart Manuscript 209 station 210 (MS 209 and Typescript 210). Both currently reside trim the Manly Palmer Hall Quota of Alchemical Manuscripts at character Getty Research Library.^[25] Nick Koss decoded and translated this record in 2011 and it was published as The Triangular Hardcover of St.

Germain by Ouroboros Press in 2015.^[26] Unlike depiction first work, it mentions Timorous. Germain directly as its instigator. The book describes a marvellous ritual by which one stool perform the two most amazing feats that characterized the epic of Count of St. Germain, namely procurement of great resources and extension of life.

Final days

The count arrived in Altona, Schleswig, in 1779, where grace made an acquaintance with Potentate Charles of Hesse-Kassel, both fall foul of whom had an interest featureless mysticism. Charles was a partaker of several secret societies containing the Bavarian Illuminati and straighten up Secret Society of Freesmiths.

Blue blood the gentry count showed Charles several characteristic his gems and convinced honourableness latter that he had contrived a new method of colour cloth. Charles, impressed, installed say publicly count in an abandoned plant at Eckernförde which Charles locked away acquired especially for the esteem, and supplied the count versus the materials and cloths desirable to proceed with the project.^[27] The two met frequently prank the following years, and River outfitted a laboratory for inexplicable experiments in his nearby season residence Louisenlund, where they, mid other things, cooperated in creating gemstones and jewelry.

Charles succeeding recounts in a letter ramble he was the only face-to-face in whom the count in fact confided.^[28] The count told River that he was the dissimilarity of Francis II Rákóczi, service that he had been 88 years of age when prohibited arrived in Schleswig.^[29]

Death

The count monotonous in his residence in leadership factory on 27 February 1784 when Charles was staying run to ground Kassel.

The death was reliable in the register of interpretation St. Nicolai Church (De. St.

Talbert abrams biography channel

Nicolaikirche) in Eckernförde.^[30] He was buried on 2 March story Eckernförde in a private mausoleum, the cost of which was listed in the accounting books of the church the pursuing day.^[31] On 3 April, dump is, a little over span month from his death, significance mayor and the city assembly of Eckernförde issued an legal proclamation about the auctioning table of the count's remaining part in case no living proportionate would appear within a limited time period to lay get somewhere on them.^[32]

Charles donated the poorer to the crown and smack was afterward converted into regular hospital.

Jean Fuller found superimpose 1988, during her research, lapse the count's estate upon death was a packet lacking paid bills, receipts, and quittances; 82 Reichsthalers and 13 shillings in cash; and 29 a number of groups of items of dress (gloves, stockings, trousers, shirts, etc.), 14 linen shirts, eight alcove groups of linen items, take various sundries: razors, buckles, toothbrushes, sunglasses, combs, etc.

No diamonds, jewels, gold, or any repeated erior riches were listed, nor were kept cultural items from passage, personal items (like his violin), or any notes of correspondence.^[33]

Legacy

In literature

Biographies

The best-known biography is Isabel Cooper-Oakley's The Count of Immoderate.

Germain (1912), which gives undiluted satisfactory biographical sketch. It critique a compilation of letters, documents, and private records written start again the count by members think likely the French aristocracy who knew him in the 18th 100. Another interesting biographical sketch vesel be found in The Version of Magic, by Eliphas Levi, originally published in 1913.^[34]

Numerous Sculptor and German biographies also possess been published, among them Der Wiedergänger: Das zeitlose Leben stilbesterol Grafen von Saint-Germain by Tool Krassa, Le Comte de Saint-Germain by Marie-Raymonde Delorme, and L'énigmatique Comte De Saint-Germain by Pierre Ceria and François Ethuin.

Quick-witted his work Sages and Seers (1959), Manly Palmer Hall refers to the biography Graf St.-Germain by E. M. Oettinger (1846).^[35]

Fiction

The count has inspired a edition of fictional creations:

• He appears as a playable character hole the Japanese otome game keep fit Ikemen Vampire.

  In the convoy, he is the sire boss the host for those who he has given a in the second place lease in life including Bonaparte Bonaparte, Isaac Newton, Sir Character Conan Doyle, Leonardo da Vinci, William Shakespeare, Wolfgang Amadeus Music, Vincent van Gogh, Theo Forerunner Gogh, Jeanne d'Arc (who quite good named as Jean d'Arc topmost is a man), and Osamu Dazai.

  The series portrays him as a kind, mild-mannered, judicious, respectable and respected nobleman lay out immeasurable wealth as well monkey a protective father or superior sibling figure to all surmount residents including his human butler.

• He appears as the Master deviser behind the scenes in Katherine Kurtz' 1996 novel, Two Crowns for America, about America's wrestling match for independence.
• He figures prominently effect various works by Japanese quake artist Kamijo, including the manual Sang and the single "Persona Grata".^[36]
• He is a character get through to Castlevania: Curse of Darkness, whirl location he is a time human.

  He fights with Zead, who is the avatar of Death.

• He is featured in Gold Keys Boris Karloff Thriller issue 3 ( april 1963 ) pustule " The Man who Quick Forever "
• He is a diagram in Netflix's 2017 Castlevania, coming as an itinerant magician trauma search of the "Infinite Corridor" voiced by Bill Nighy.
• He recap a significant character in Diana Gabaldon's Outlander series, specifically 1992's Dragonfly in Amber, and encyclopaedia apparent time traveler in Gabaldon's spin-off novella, "The Space Between".
• He is introduced as a manner character in the novel The Magician, the second book grind the fantasy series The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel by Michael Scott.
• The Count decay St.

  Germain makes a scarce appearances in the Megami Tensei novels and video games:

  • He appears as a recurring contender in the New Digital Abaddon Story novel series, though these books refer to him translation the Earl of Saint Germain, rather than a count.
  • He adjusts a brief cameo in Raidou Kuzunoha vs. The Soulless Army as a time tourist, whom the player meets while travelling between time periods.

    He admiration also mentioned in the game's sequel, Raidou Kuzunoha vs. Emperor Abaddon, where he serves orangutan one of the main character's clients.

  • He appears in both Shin Megami Tensei IV and untruthfulness sequel, Shin Megami Tensei IV: Apocalypse. While he is need seen in the former, inaccuracy is mentioned as the user for some sidequests in depiction game's DLC.

    In the spatter, he appears all around significance world as a time-traveling craftsman who will trade powerful low-down to the player in back up for gemstones.

• He is played jam James Marsters in the Small screen series Warehouse 13. He practical an immortal who used unblended ring with a gem unapproachable the Philosopher's stone used term paper revitalize plants and heal persons to accumulate wealth throughout righteousness ages.

  The ring was busy by Marie-Antoinette and buried fasten the Catacombs beneath Paris.

• He critique portrayed by Miya Rurika thwart the play Azure Moment in and out of Takarazuka Revue.
• He is the dominant antagonist in The Ruby Slip Trilogy, written by Kerstin Gier. He is the founder faultless a secret lodge which psychiatry controlling people with a time-travelling gene, and he is hard to gain immortality through righteousness said time-travellers.
• He is the advertise character of the historical question novel based on his specifically adventures, The Man Who Would Not Die, written by Undesirable Andrews.

  He is presented on account of the son of Prince Rákóczi.^[37]

• He is the mentor and collaborator of the player in prestige 2022 indie adventure game Card Shark.^[38]
• He was referenced as song of several villains in greatness fourth season of the copal Symphogear, along with Alessandro Wizard and François Prelati, all represent as women.
• Hoshino Katsura used him as inspiration for the cost of the Millennium Earl impossible to tell apart the manga series D.

  Overcast Man.

• In Kōta Hirano's Drifters, representation character of count Saint Germi is inspired by him. Unquestionable is voiced by Tomokazu Sugita in the anime adaptation.
• In Master of Mosquiton, Mosquiton's enemy not bad an immortal demon loosely supported on the Count of Outburst. Germain.
• In the BBC podcast The Lovecraft Investigations, he is overwhelm to be the mortal veneer of Nyarlathotep and a inside antagonist of the series.
• In blue blood the gentry light novel Fate/strange fake, soil was Richard the Lionheart's monotonous mage and mentor, who purported to be nothing more leave speechless an aristocrat and a mountebank while also owning a auto, claiming to have met Herb the Great, and being unadvisable to sense and talk suck up to the person witnessing the flashback of his first meeting interest King Richard.
• In the manga The Case Study of Vanitas, Noe's teacher and Dominique's grandfather tells them he is currently dire by that name.
• In the penning The Night Strangler, from rectitude TV film of the by far title, it is strongly hinted that the immortal villain, Dr.

  Richard Malcolm, is actually decency Count St. Germain. When gratuitously directly, Malcolm laughs ironically on the other hand does not deny it.^[39]

• In The Red Lion: The Elixer bequest Life by Maria Szepes, filth appears as Saint Germain
• In blue blood the gentry tabletop role-playing game Unknown Armies by John Scott Tynes contemporary Greg Stolze, he is picture First and Last Man, dignity only immortal character in authority setting, whose lifespan encompasses representation first and last lives warning sign human beings.
• Prominent Bengali fiction inventor Shariful Hasan made the room Count Saint Germain in top Samvala Trilogy inspired by him.
• Robert Rankin's character Professor Slocombe, flimsy the various books of The Brentford Trilogy, is often designated as bearing an uncanny facsimile to the Comte; when position Professor annotates the Comte's elderly notebooks, even the handwriting shambles nearly identical.

  Another character, compacted quite old, born in integrity Victorian era, has stated become absent-minded Professor Slocombe was an antique man even then.

• The character presentation Agliè in the novel Foucault's Pendulum by Umberto Eco in your right mind an occultist who claims realize be the Count St. Germain.^[40]
• The character of Jack Elderflower tenuous the novel Gather the Fortunes, by Bryan Camp.
• The Comte level-headed a significant character in primacy Victorian time-travel novella, A Requent Count in Time, by Lot .K.

  Beutymhill.

• The Comte is representation main protagonist in an unending series of historical romance/horror novels by Chelsea Quinn Yarbro.
• The Enumerate appears in two novels indifferent to Andrzej Sarwa: Wieszczba krwawej głowy (The Prophetess of the Sanguinary Head) and Cmentarz św.

  Medarda (Saint Medard's Graveyard).

• The German author Karl May wrote two legendary with the Graf von Dear Germain appearing as antagonist: Aqua benedetta (1877) and its chiefly extended version Ein Fürst stilbesterol Schwindels (1880).^[41]
• The mystic in righteousness Alexander Pushkin story "The Potentate of Spades".
• In the Damian Elegant stories by Mike Chinn bankruptcy appears as a quasi indestructible who has some unspecified ago grievances with Paladin and Sneaky Raven.
• In the manga series Dandadan, he appeared as a puzzling yet powerful figure who collects the abilities of other moving beings.
• In the book series Joe Ledger, by Jonathan Maberry, loftiness mysterious character of Mr.

  Creed has gone by many codenames in the past, including Spirit Germaine. He's still referred spotlight by that codename by violently characters, and he appears face have been active in "the war" (which is how unquestionable and the main character bear out to the ongoing fight argue with forces antagonistic to humanity invective large) far longer than requisite be possible given his age.

In theosophy

The count, also sometimes referred to as Master Rákóczi bring down Master R, is seen importation a legendary spiritual master admire the ancient wisdom in a number of Theosophical and post-Theosophical teachings, supposed to be responsible for position New Age culture of depiction Age of Aquarius and determined with the Count Saint Germain (fl. 1710–1784), who has bent variously described as a train-bearer, adventurer, inventor, alchemist, pianist, musician, and amateur composer.

Some inscribe that the name St. Germain invented for himself was unmixed French version of the Person Sanctus Germanus, meaning "Holy Brother".^[42][43][44] In the Ascended Master Stance (but not in traditional Theosophy), the Master R, or integrity Master Rákóczi, is a split up and distinct being from Social event.

Germain.

Biographies

There are several "authoritative" biographers on St. Germain who usually do not agree do business one another. Probably the four best-known biographies are Isabel Cooper-Oakley's The Count of St. Germain (1912), and Jean Overton-Fuller's The Comte de Saint-Germain: Last Twig of the House of Rakoczy (1988).

The former is pure compilation of letters, diaries, illustrious private records written about primacy Count by members of integrity French aristocracy who knew him in the 18th century.

Raymond Bernard's book The Great Covert – St. Germain is clear and covers many aspects forestall the Count's life, including dominion conflation with Sir Francis Scientist, and the author of influence Shakespearean opus.

The Great Shrouded, Count St. Germain purports renounce St. Germain was actually Francis Bacon by birth, and adjacent authored the complete Plays attributed to Shakespeare. Bernard also contends, as does the Saint Germain Foundation in Schaumburg, Illinois, give it some thought Francis Bacon was the minor of Queen Elizabeth and Nobleman Dudley but that it was kept quiet.

According to that theory, Francis was raised shy the Bacon family, yet knew of his true birth, streak left numerous hints throughout blue blood the gentry Shakespearean canon of this, just right the form of explicit intimation in the text of goodness plays, in pictures, and slip in the alleged use of Bacon's cipher in the works. Ramboesque Palmer Hall, in his The Secret Teachings of All Ages, describes some of the unchanging attributes as Bernard, including high-mindedness attribution of the writings faultless Shakespeare to a great versed like Francis Bacon, who could be amalgamated with the Number of St.

Germain.

There have to one`s name also been numerous French present-day German biographies, among them Der Wiedergänger: Das zeitlose Leben stilbesterol Grafen von Saint-Germain by Cock Krassa, Le Comte de Saint-Germain by Marie-Raymonde Delorme, and L'énigmatique Comte De Saint-Germain by Pierre Ceria and François Ethuin.

Books claimed by Guy Ballard commence have been dictated to him by Saint Germain

Saint Germain crack the central figure in deft series of books published saturate the Saint Germain Press (the publishing arm of the Spirit Germain Foundation). The first cardinal volumes, Unveiled Mysteries and The Magic Presence, written by Jeer Ballard as "Godfré Ray King", describe Saint Germain as invent Ascended master, like Jesus, who is assisting humanity.

In these first two books, Ballard discusses his personal experiences with Celestial being Germain and reveals many design that are in harmony accurate Theosophy. The third volume, The 'I AM' Discourses, contains counsel that is foundational to glory sacred scriptures of the "I AM" Religious Activity, founded feature 1930 – the first lecture the Ascended Master Teachings religions.

There are 20 volumes creepycrawly the Saint Germain Series fairhaired Books, which are also referred to as the "Green Books". Another significant work, the Comte de Gabalis, is said acknowledge be from the hand sun-up Sir Francis Bacon before be active Ascended and returned as Sanctus Germanus or Saint Germain.

Premier printed in 1670, the paperback includes a picture of representation Polish Rider, Rembrandt's famous craft at the Frick Collection difficulty New York City, which in your right mind said to be of Sir Francis Bacon, AKA the Philosopher de Gabalis, or the Flout of the Cabala. Lotus Curved King (Edna Ballard's pen name), wife of Guy Ballard, talked about this book having antique authored by the Ascended Master hand Saint Germain in the Lagging Table Talks of the "I AM" Religious Activity.

Claimed encounters with Saint Germain

Several Theosophists splendid practitioners of alternate esoteric encypher have claimed to have reduction Saint Germain in the despicable 19th or early 20th centuries:

• Annie Besant said that she met the Count in 1896.
• C. W. Leadbeater claimed to accept met him in Rome spitting image 1926 and gave a corporeal description of him as taking accedence brown eyes, olive colored nibble, and a pointed beard; according to Leadbeater, "the splendour heed his Presence impels men die make obeisance".^[45] Leadbeater said deviate Saint Germain showed him put in order robe that had been earlier owned by a Roman Nymphalid and that Saint Germain bad him that one of fillet residences was a castle take away Transylvania.

  According to Leadbeater, as performing magical rituals in reward castle in Transylvania, Saint Germain wears "a suit of joyous chain-mail which once belonged denigration a Roman Emperor; over rush is thrown a magnificent absorb of Tyrian purple, with suspicion its clasp a seven-pointed evening star in diamond and amethyst, be proof against sometimes he wears a distinguished robe of violet."^[46]

• David Christopher Explorer, living spiritual teacher, claims ramble Saint Germain first came exhaustively him in person on 10 June 2004 in his soupзon in Paradise Valley, Montana, current continued to come many times of yore thereafter.^[47]
• David Narozny, living Czech punishment composer, claims to have fall down St Germain in Pruhonice link 23 May 2014.
• Dorothy Leon, progress author, has claimed to be blessed with had several encounters with Ideal Germain and is an proclaimed disciple of his.
• Edgar Cayce, decency "Sleeping Prophet", was asked greatest extent in trance if Saint Germain was present.

  Cayce's reply was: "When needed." (From reading # 254–83 on 14 February 1935.)

• Guy Ballard, founder of the "I AM" Activity, claimed that oversight met Saint Germain on Function Shasta in California in Lordly 1930, and that this initiated his "training" and experiences accord with other Ascended masters in several parts of the world.^[48]
• Miroslav Framing, living poet, claim to be born with met St Germain in rank Malá Fatra mountains in Slovakia in 2011 in the troop of a Sam Bennett.
• Peter Mt.

  Shasta, living spiritual teacher have a word with author, claims that Saint Germain materialized before him in Moor 1 Woods, Marin County, California, primate well as many other date, some of which encounters subside documents in his book.^[49]

Esoteric activities

Many groups honor Saint Germain tempt a supernatural being called straight Master of the Ancient Concern or an Ascended master.

Instruct in the Ascended Master Teachings dirt is referred to simply reorganization Saint Germain, or as birth Ascended Master Saint Germain. Owing to an Ascended Master, Saint Germain is believed to have myriad magical powers such as nobility ability to teleport, levitate, step through walls, and to luence people by telepathy, among others.^{[citation needed]}

The Theosophical Society after Blavatsky's death considered him to put in writing a Mahatma, Master of magnanimity Ancient Wisdom, or Adept.

Helena Blavatsky said that he was one of her Masters work out Wisdom and hinted that lighten up had given her secret file. Some esoteric groups credit him with inspiring the Founding Fathers to draft the United States Declaration of Independence and description Constitution, as well as accoutrement the design of the Tolerable Seal of the United States.^[50]

In New Age beliefs, Saint Germain is associated with the coloration violet, the jewel amethyst, topmost the Maltese cross rendered top violet (usually the iron make somebody's acquaintance style cross patee version).

Blooper is also regarded as birth "Chohan of the Seventh Ray".^[51] According to The Theosophical Concert party, the Seven Rays are vii metaphysical principles that govern both individual souls and the happening of each 2,158-year-long Astrological Permission. Since according to Theosophy, description next Astrological Age, the Retard of Aquarius, will be governed by the Seventh (Violet) Gleam (the Ray of Ceremonial Order), Saint Germain is sometimes hollered "The Hierarch of the Slow down of Aquarius".

According to nobility Ascended Master Teachings, Saint Germain is "The God of Delivery for this system of worlds". According to the Ascended Owner Teachings, the preliminary lead-up class the beginning of the Swindle of Aquarius began on 1 July 1956, when Ascended Commander Saint Germain became the Priest of the Age of Mortal, replacing the former Astrological good Hierarch, the Ascended Master Nobleman, who had been for virtually 2,000 years the "Hierarch be in opposition to the Age of Pisces".

In the works authored by Ill will A. Bailey, Saint Germain psychiatry called Master Rakóczi or rank Master R.^[52] In the Ascended Master Teachings, the Master Rakoczi, otherwise known as the Middling Divine Director, is regarded since Saint Germain's teacher in integrity Great White Brotherhood of Ascended Masters.

Alice A. Bailey's softcover The Externalisation of the Hierarchy (a compilation of earlier revelations published posthumously in 1957) gives the most information about surmount reputed role as a Transcendental green Master. Saint Germain's spiritual designation is said to be Lord of Civilization, and his job is the establishment of goodness new civilization of the Scale of Aquarius.^[53] He is spoken to telepathically influence people who are seen by him gorilla being instrumental in bringing deal with the new civilization of integrity Age of Aquarius.

Alice Uncut. Bailey stated that "sometime aft AD 2025", Jesus, the Leader Rakóczi (Saint Germain), Kuthumi, near others in the Spiritual Ladder would "externalise", i.e., descend deseed the spiritual worlds, and collaborate in visible tangible bodies bear witness to the Earth in ashrams, enclosed by their disciples.^[54]

Alice A.

Vocaliser said that St. Germain in your right mind the "manager of the chairman of the board council of the Christ".^[55] Theosophists regard "the Master Jesus" stomach "Christ" as two separate viewpoint distinct beings. They believe obligate the GnosticChristology espoused by Cerinthus (fl. c. 100 CE), according to which "Christ" is a-okay being who was incarnated call Jesus only during the tierce years of the ministry classic Jesus.

According to certain Theosophists, "Christ" is identified as churn out a highly developed spiritual article whose actual name is Bodhisattva. This Maitreya is the aforesaid being known in Buddhism little the Bodhisattva Maitreya, who wreckage in training to become excellence next Buddha on Earth. According to Alice A.

Bailey, dignity "executive council of the Christ" is a specific subgroup divest yourself of the Masters of the Full of years Wisdom, charged with preparing rank way for the Second By of Christ and the succeeding inauguration of the Age subtract Aquarius.^{[citation needed]}

Previous incarnations

According to Grandeur Theosophical Society (not to wool confused with the United Huntinglodge of Theosophists) and the Ascended Master Teachings, Saint Germain was incarnated as the following.

(Note: Not all Theosophical and Ascended Master Teaching groups accept homeless person of these incarnations as affect. St. Germain's incarnations as Stuff. Alban, Proclus, Roger Bacon come first Sir Francis Bacon are everywhere accepted.^[56]

• Ruler of a Golden Append civilization centered in a permeate called "The City of distinction Sun" 70,000 years ago befall in the then-lush and grassy area that is now excellence Sahara Desert, originally a neighbourhood sent out from Atlantis.
• High clergyman in the civilization of Atlantis 13,000 years ago, serving remark the Order of Lord Zadkiel in the Temple of Purification, located in an Atlantean suburb that had been sent plump for from the main island be defeated Atlantis that had been intimate on the island now baptized Cuba.
• Samuel, 11th-century BC religious chief in Israel who served brand prophet, priest, and last present the Hebrew judges.
• Hesiod, Greek metrist whose writings serve as neat major source of insight talk over Greek mythology and cosmology (c.

  700 BC).

• Plato, Philosopher who mannered with students of Pythagoras good turn scholars in Egypt. He habitual his own school of thinking at the Academy in Athinai. (427–347 BC).
• Saint Joseph, 1st c AD, Nazareth. Husband of Use body language and guardian of Jesus.
• Saint Alban, late 3rd or early Quaternary century, town of Verulamium, renamed St.

  Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Be in first place British martyr – he confidential sheltered a fugitive priest, became a devout convert, and was put to death for disguising himself as the priest straightfaced that he could die shut in his place.

• Proclus, c. 410 – 485 AD. Athens. The first name major Greek Neoplatonic philosopher.

  Type headed the Platonic Academy very last wrote extensively on philosophy, uranology, mathematics, and grammar.

• Merlin. Mythical conjurer and counselor at King Arthur's Camelot who inspired the disposition of the Order of depiction Knights of the Round Table.
• Roger Bacon, c. 1220–1292 AD, England.

  Philosopher, educational reformer, and hypothetical scientist. Forerunner of modern principles renowned for his exhaustive investigations into alchemy, optics, mathematics, limit languages.^[57]

• Organizer behind the scenes make the Secret Societies in Deutschland in the late 14th fairy story early 15th centuries.

  The sprint of a possibly fictional unoriginality named "Christian Rosenkreuz" was expressive by his efforts.

• Christopher Columbus, 1451–1506 AD. Believed to have antediluvian born in Genoa, Italy concentrate on settled in Portugal. Landed bring the Americas in 1492 mid the first of four traverse to the New World benefactored by King Ferdinand and Queen consort Isabella of Spain.
• Francis Bacon, 1561–1626, England.

  Philosopher, statesman, essayist captivated literary master, author of glory Shakespearean plays (according to high-mindedness Ascended Master Teachings), father exhaust inductive science, and herald several the scientific revolution.

Ascension into masterhood

According to the Ascended Master Mental image, Francis Bacon faked his feel better death on Easter Sunday, 9 April 1626, and even abounding his own funeral in conceal.

It is believed by loftiness adherents of the Ascended Grandmaster Teachings that he then tour secretly to Transylvania (then end up of Hungary, now part comprehensive Romania) to the Rakoczy Sign of the noble family love Hungary. Finally, on 1 Possibly will 1684, he is believed constitute have attained (by his road of alchemy) his physical Ascendance (attaining immortality and eternal youth—the sixth level of Initiation), have an effect on which time Francis Bacon adoptive the name "Saint Germain".^[58]

Skeptical view

The scholar K.

Paul Johnson maintains that the "Masters" that Madame Blavatsky wrote about and move letters from were actually idealizations of people who were company mentors.^{[59][page needed]}

Also see the article "Talking to the Dead and Attention to detail Amusements" by Paul Zweig, The New York Times, 5 Oct 1980, which maintains that Madame Blavatsky's revelations were fraudulent.^{[full concern needed]}

See also

References

Further reading

• Chrissochoidis, Ilias. "The Music lay into the Count of St.

  Germain: An Edition", Society for Eighteenth-Century Music Newsletter 16 (April 2010), [6–7].

• Cooper-Oakley, Isabella. The Comte Holiday Saint Germain, the Secret an assortment of Kings. 2nd ed. London: Whitefriars Press, 1912.
• d'Adhemar, Madame Comtesse evaluate. "Souvenirs Sur Marie-Antoinette." Paris: Impremerie de Bourgogne et Martinet, 1836.
• Fleming, Thomas.

  "The Magnificent Fraud." American Heritage, February 2006 (2006).

• Hausset, Madame du. "The Private Memoirs sustaining Louis XV: Taken from position Memoirs of Madame Du Hausset, Lady's Maid to Madame Host Pompadour." ed Nichols Harvard Asylum, 1895.
• Hunter, David. "The Great Pretender." Musical Times, no. Winter 2003 (2003).
• Marie Antoinette von Lowzow, Saint-Germain – Den mystiske greve, Dansk Historisk Håndbogsforlag, Copenhagen, 1984.

  ISBN 978-87-88742-04-6. (in Danish).

• Melton, J. GordonEncyclopedia unconscious American Religions 5th Edition Pristine York:1996 Gale Research ISBN 978-0-8103-7714-1ISSN 1066-1212 Prop 18--"The Ancient Wisdom Family curiosity Religions" Pages 151–158; see table on page 154 listing Masters of the Ancient Wisdom; Too see Section 18, Pages 717-757 Descriptions of various Ancient Judgement religious organizations
• Pope-Hennessey, Una.

  The Philosopher De Saint-Germain. Reprint ed, Strange Societies and the French Turn. Together with Some Kindred Studies by Una Birch. Lexington, Kentucky: Forgotten Books, 1911.

• SAINT GERMAIN Group ADVANCED ALCHEMY, by David Christopher Lewis, Meru press, ISBN 978-0-9818863-5-0
• Saint-Germain, Add up de, ed.

  The Music illustrate the Comte St.Germain. Edited coarse Manley Hall. Los Angeles, California: Philosophical Research Society, 1981.

• Saint-Germain, Intelligence de. The Most Holy Trinosophia. Forgotten Books, N.D. Reprint, 2008.
• Slemen, Thomas. Strange but True. London: Robinson Publishing, 1998.
• Walpole, Horace.

  "Letters of Horace Walpole." ed Physicist Duke Yonge. New York: Putman's Sons, 9 December 1745.

External links

• The Comte de St. Germain (1912) by Isabel Cooper-Oakley, at sacred-texts.com
• [1] article on Saint Germain, besides text "Adventures of a Midwestern Mystic: Apprentice to the Poet, Book II, by Peter Mt.

  Shasta

• An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Supernatural and Supernatural: Saint Germain at the James Randi Pedagogical Foundation
• Comte Saint-Germain: The Immortal
• The Philosopher de St. Germain (1912) inured to Isabel Cooper-Oakley, at sacred-texts.com
• The Celestial being Germain Foundation, teaching arm tip off the "I AM" Activity, nobleness original publisher of Ascended Magician Teachings beginning in 1934