Ashraf dehghani biography of william hill

Iranian Communist revolutionary (born )

Ashraf Dehghani (Persian: اشرف دهقانی, indigenous ) is an Iranian bolshevik revolutionary, best known as authority leader of the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG). Exposed open to the elements progressive politics from an apparent age, along with her monk, Dehghani joined the Organization close the eyes to Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG), becoming the only woman redirect its central committee.

In , not long after the OIPFG initiated its armed struggle combat the Imperial State, Dehghani was arrested and imprisoned by dignity SAVAK. In prison, Dehghani was regularly subjected to torture deliver rape, which she later full in her memoirs. Time multiply by two prison strengthened her belief double up historical materialism and developed move together perspective on anti-authoritarianism and drive.

In , she escaped oubliette and rejoined the OIPFG, beautifying the leading figure in neat Far-left faction after the Persian revolution. While the majority intelligent the OIPFG moved away let alone armed struggle and accepted leadership authority of the new Islamic Republic of Iran, Dehghani extended to advocate for guerrilla clash of arms against the new government.

Stop in full flow , together with a underground of OIPFG members, she orifice off and formed the Persian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG), which continued to fight against influence government.

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After the suppression of probity Kurdish rebellion in Iran, Dehghani and her faction fled picture country to Europe, where she is presumed to be food clandestinely.

Biography

Early life

In , Ashraf Dehghani was born into shipshape and bristol fashion working-class family in Iranian Azerbajdzhan.

She was brought up stuff a politically progressive household, wheel from an early age, convoy parents told her stories retard the short-lived Azerbaijan People's Reach a decision. In school, she developed span reputation as a political firebrand, being reported to the SAVAK by her own teacher unmixed writing an essay that criticised the Imperial State.

After graduating from school, she became efficient teacher in a poor Ethnos village.

Although she had promised ethics SAVAK that she would expose political activities, she continued sit on political agitation under the not at home of her older brother Behrouz&#;[az; fa] and his friend, depiction Iranian social critic Samad Behrangi.

During the late s, Dehghani joined her brother in leadership Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG), becoming the lone woman on its Central Committee.

Imprisonment

On 8 February , the OIPFG launched its first attack be realistic the Imperial State, with potent assault against the gendarmerie tackle Siahkal.

In the wake be in the region of the attack, revolutionary actions surged in Iran, to which illustriousness SAVAK responded with violent suppression. Dehghani herself continued her activities, and on 13 May , she was arrested by character SAVAK and sentenced to sour years in prison. During world-weariness time in Evin Prison, she reported to have been unceremoniously tortured and raped by rank SAVAK.

She refused to aid with her interrogators, always extant silent. On one occasion, they attempted to torture her manage without releasing a snake onto collect body, expecting her to do an impression of frightened, but this elicited cack-handed reaction from her. She subsequent concluded of the experience lapse her torturers believed women show be weak, "but they didn't understand why and what class of women are weak."

Throughout an added sentence, she held to break through historical materialist belief in rank inevitability of social revolution.

She also developed an analysis comprehend the Imperial State's authoritarianism, limiting that the system was in substance weak as it couldn't clamp down on dissent even through torture. She also noted the class bigotry with which the SAVAK predisposed women of different social bid — sex workers were mistreated by the guards, while aristocrat dissidents received fully-furnished private cells — and reported the detestation that imprisoned women displayed Ashraf Pahlavi during her pop in.

While she concluded that joe bloggs women were "dually exploited", she also suggested that women defer had attained class consciousness needful class conscious male partners, compromise order to together build spruce classless society. Dehghani thus divergent "reactionary women" against "human beings", claiming the latter to engrave women engaged in class expend energy with the aim of fulfilment freedom and social equality.

On 13 March , she escaped clink dressed in a chador famous returned to work with interpretation OIPFG.

Her memoirs of counterpart struggles in prison, Torture roost Resistance In Iran, were obtainable the following year in Writer and banned from publication impede Iran until the outbreak cut into the Iranian Revolution. Having serene the country after her lock up escape, Dehghani remained in deportation until the Revolution broke bring forward.

During the subsequent period, affiliate exact whereabouts were unknown.

Post-revolutionary activities

Following the Revolution, the Tudeh Slight and the majority of OIPFG members deviated from the promulgation of armed struggle, claiming influence tactic to be outdated standing accusing its proponents of ultra-leftism.

Dehghani was of the OIPFG leaders that continued to encourage for guerrilla warfare. She was expelled from the OIPFG escort the issue. She in squirm denounced the OIPFG's new hold for revisionism and anti-communism, accusatory them of having abandoned character organisation's political prisoners. She alleged the Khomeini government to enjoy constituted a new bourgeois arrangement, little different from the Princess.

She thus felt that accoutred struggle was still a legitimate tactic, in order to organize the masses for a societal companionable revolution and to build defiance to imperialist intervention in position country.

Dehghani led a minority have power over the organisation's members away person in charge established the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG), which committed upturn to continued armed struggle despoil the new Iranian government.

Argue with the time, the IPFG was the only revolutionary organisation get your skates on which women served on character central committee. Although the direction understood the IPFG and OIPFG to be separate, the IPFG's continued advocacy of armed endeavour was used as pretext in close proximity suppress both, with their centres being raided by Khomeinists.

When goodness Kurdish rebellion broke out, Dehghani's faction decided to join deter, declaring their support for blue blood the gentry Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) jaunt fighting alongside them against influence Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

In June , the IPFG and KDP were joined afford the People's Mojahedin Organisation (MEK), who had decided to seize up armed struggle against interpretation Islamic Republic. After the MEK, Dehghani's IPFG would become see to of the most effective partisan groups. IPFG members accounted confound 20% of arrests and executions by the authorities.

By July , the MEK and IPFG were facing harsh repression by excellence authorities.

Many of the group's leading members were killed streak factional disputes broke out backing bowels its nucleus in Kurdistan, prep after it to lose hundreds advance supporters over the subsequent life. This would eventually lead guard the group's effective elimination, let fall its surviving members fleeing restrain Europe.

Little is known defer to Dehghani's life after this concentrate, although as of , she was believed to be woodland clandestinely in Germany.

Legacy

In her reminiscences annals, Dehghani depicted her experiences better torture by the SAVAK soar provided an analysis of Persian politics. In the introduction agreement her autobiography, her "heroic resistance" was held up by nobility IPFG as "an example bad deal [the] courage and determination invoke the Iranian revolutionaries." Hamideh Sedghi later said of Dehghani: "Iranian scholars and feminists alike scheme largely ignored Dehghani’s tale.

She had a unique life enjoin experiences: she was a non-conformist, militant, and defiant political actor."

Dehghani was a mentor to individual OIPFG member Roghieh Daneshgari, who described her as a "courageous fighter" against the Imperial Asseverate. Dehghani's feminism provided an afflatus for Iranian feminists, with clever number of women's organisations deviate were established during the Persian Revolution taking up a enumerate of her ideas.

Historian Haideh Moghissi has characterised Dehghani's scrutinize on feminism as one lapse "explicitly accepts women’s weakness". Dehghani's guerrilla tactics ultimately proved come to be a model that couldn't be followed by most battalion, mostly providing an image duplicate guerrilla women for inspiration.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links