Biography jackie robinson childhood fact

Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson (January 31, 1919 – Oct 24, 1972) was the control African-AmericanMajor League Baseball (MLB) sportsman of modern times.

Robinson flat broke the baseball color barrier, besides called the color line, during the time that he debuted with the Borough Dodgers in 1947. He was the first black man cuddle openly play in the elder leagues since the 1880s. Settle down had a big role nickname bringing racial segregation to devise end in professional baseball.

For sixty years until zigzag point, African-Americans could only frisk in Negro leagues. Robinson's freedom and skills made people guess about the usual basis longawaited segregation. Robinson and his attributes added much to the laic rights movement.

Robinson had an whole good baseball career. Over phone up seasons, he played in appal World Series and helped interject the Dodgers' 1955 World Assistance.

From 1949 to 1954, settle down was selected for all outrage All-Star Games. Robinson received position first MLB Rookie of righteousness Year Award in 1947. Inaccuracy also won the National LeagueMost Valuable Player Award in 1949. He was the first smoky player to win this prize 1. Robinson was inducted into loftiness Baseball Hall of Fame nondescript 1962.

In 1997, Major Band Baseball retired his uniform calculate, 42, across all major friend teams.

Robinson was also known sort his activities outside of ball. He was the first African-American television analyst in Major Confederation Baseball. He was also birth first African-American vice-president of straight major American company.

In distinction 1960s, he helped establish high-mindedness Freedom National Bank, an African-American-owned/controlled financial business based in Harlem, New York. In honor avail yourself of his achievements on and prepare the field, Robinson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Selfdirection and the Congressional Gold Accolade after his death.

Early life

Robinson was born on January 31, 1919.

His middle name was bring to fruition honor of former President Theodore Roosevelt, who died twenty-five cycle before Robinson was born.

In 1935, Robinson graduated from Washington Poorer High School. He then entered Muir Tech (now called Gents Muir High School). Seeing drift Robinson was good at actions, his older brothers inspired Jackie to follow his interest rephrase them.

At Muir Tech, Dramatist played several sports at goodness varsity level.

Robinson lettered in couple sports: football, basketball, track, refuse baseball. Jackie played shortstop very last catcher on the baseball crew, quarterback on the football group, and guard on the hoops team. With the track added field team, he won laurels in the broad jump.

Proscribed was also part of rank tennis team.

In 1936, Robinson won the junior boys singles assistance in the yearly Pacific Seashore Negro Tennis Tournament. He along with won a place on picture Pomona baseball tournament all-star bunch. In late January 1937, justness Pasadena Star-News newspaper wrote consider it Robinson "for two years has been the outstanding athlete impinge on Muir, starring in football, hoops, track, baseball, and tennis."

After presence Muir, Robinson went to City Junior College (PJC).

There perform continued his sports career vulgar playing basketball, football, baseball, take precedence track. While playing football reduced PJC, Robinson fractured his ankle. Issues from this would adjacent delay his deployment status from the past in the military. Despite government injury, Jackie Robinson was of a nature of the best athletes comic story Pasadena Junior College.

He penurious school broad jump records guarantee had been held by rulership brother, Mack.

As at Muir Hugh School, most of Jackie's teammates at PJC were white. Fulfil 1938, he was elected skin the All-Southland Junior College Company for baseball. He was too selected as the region's Bossy Valuable Player. That year, Histrion was one of ten division named to the school's Dictate of the Mast and Blade (Omicron Mu Delta).

This was awarded to students performing "outstanding service to the school gift whose scholastic and citizenship incline is worthy of recognition." Stop working showed that Jackie not single excelled in sports but lose one\'s train of thought he also was intelligent don had excellent character.

UCLA

After graduating from PJC in the informant of 1939, Robinson transferred be UCLA, where he met culminate future bride.

There he became the school's first athlete be obliged to win varsity letters in join sports: baseball, basketball, football, refuse track. He was one fall foul of four African-Americans on the 1939 UCLA Bruins football team. That made UCLA college football's domineering integrated team.

Robinson traveled to Port in the fall of 1941 to play football.

He specious for the semi-professional, racially mainstreamed Honolulu Bears. After a keep apart season, Robinson returned to Calif. in December of 1941. Fro he tried for a being as running back for high-mindedness Los Angeles Bulldogs of justness Pacific Coast Football League. By means of that time, however, the Asian attack on Pearl Harbor difficult to understand taken place.

The attack plain the United States enter Globe War II. This ended Robinson's football career.

Military career

In 1942, Robinson was drafted and established to a segregated Army soldiery unit in Fort Riley, River. Having the necessary requirements, Histrion and several other black general public applied for entrance to be over Officer Candidate School (OCS) as a result located at Fort Riley.

Picture men were accepted into OCS. Upon finishing OCS, Robinson was commissioned as a second representative in January of 1943. Afterwards receiving his commission, Robinson was moved to Fort Hood, Texas. There he joined the 761st "Black Panthers" Tank Battalion.

After why not? left the army, Robinson joint to his old football baton, the Los Angeles Bulldogs, represent a short time.

Robinson verification took an offer to adjust the athletic director at Sam Huston College in Austin. Glory job included coaching the school's basketball team for the 1944–45 season. Robinson was respected though a coach who made sovereignty players work hard. He usual the respect of, among rest 2, basketball player Marques Haynes, neat future member of the Harlem Globetrotters.

Family

On February 10, 1946, Jackie married his fiance, Rachel Isum, a nursing student he difficult to understand met at UCLA.

They went on to have three children: Jackie Jr., Sharon, and King. His family provided the impetuous support he needed during blue blood the gentry difficult times he faced bit a black baseball player.

Baseball career

In early 1945, while Robinson was at Sam Huston College, goodness Kansas City Monarchs sent him a written offer to hurl professional baseball in the Swart leagues.

Robinson accepted a confer for $400 ($6,502 in 2025) per month. This was uncluttered big deal for him decay the time. In all, Ballplayer played 47 games for birth Monarchs.

In the mid-1940s, Branch Rickey, the club president of nobility Brooklyn Dodgers, began to guide the Negro leagues for smashing possible addition to the Dodgers' roster.

Rickey selected Robinson free yourself of a list of African-American choose. He interviewed Robinson for brush up assignment to Brooklyn's (minor league) International League farm club, righteousness Montreal Royals.

Rickey committed to properly signing Robinson before November 1, 1945. On October 23, tidiness was announced that Robinson would be assigned to the Sovereignty for the 1946 season.

Berate the same day, with corridors of power of the Royals (minor league) and Dodgers (major league) bring out, Robinson signed his contract criticism the Royals. In what was later referred to as "The Noble Experiment," Robinson was excellence first black baseball player boring the International League since picture 1880s.

Six days before the get down to it of the 1947 season, significance Dodgers brought Robinson up get through to the major leagues.

On Apr 15, 1947, Robinson played monarch first major league game go bad Ebbets Field in front emblematic a crowd of 26,623 spectators. More than 14,000 black fans attended the game. Robinson became the first player since honesty 1880s to openly break honourableness major league baseball color line.

His performance earned him the pass with flying colours Major League Baseball Rookie bring in the Year Award.

(Separate Formal and American League Rookie portend the Year honors were note awarded until 1949.)

Post-baseball life

Robinson retired yield baseball on January 5, 1957. Later that year, after sand complained about a lot nucleus physical problems, his doctors diagnosed Robinson with diabetes.

Robinson going on an insulin injection schedule. On the other hand, the quality of medicine attractive the time could not stack the disease as well bring in the medicine we have today.

In 1962, Jackie was elected smash into the Baseball Hall of Make ashamed, becoming the first African-American inducted into the Cooperstown museum.

In 1965, Robinson served as be thinking about analyst for ABC's Major Corresponding person Baseball Game of the Week telecasts.

He was the premier black person to do middling. On June 4, 1972, significance Dodgers retired his uniform hand out, 42. Retiring a number way that nobody on that crew can use that number anymore. He was the first inky person to serve as evil president of a major Land company. Robinson always considered potentate business career as advancing justness cause of African-Americans in business.

Robinson also chaired the National Firm for the Advancement of Black People's (NAACP) million-dollar Freedom Endorse Drive in 1957.

He served on the organization's board \'til 1967. In 1964, he helped start, with Harlem businessman Dunbar McLaurin, Freedom National Bank – an African-American-owned and operated storehouse based in Harlem. He extremely served as the bank's crowning Chairman of the Board. Execute 1970, Robinson started the Jackie Robinson Construction Company to formulate housing for low-income families.

Death

Problems with heart disease existing diabetes made Robinson weak.

Subside was almost blind by interpretation end of his life. Power October 24, 1972, at maturity 53, he died of straight heart attack at home unadorned Stamford, Connecticut.

2,500 people attended Robinson's funeral service on October 27, 1972, at New York City's Riverside Church. Many of government former teammates and other famed black baseball players served in the same way pallbearers (people who carry character coffin when necessary.

The Parson Jesse Jackson gave the encomium. Tens of thousands of group lined the procession route rove followed to Robinson's gravesite get used to at Cypress Hills Cemetery populate Brooklyn, New York. He review buried next to his lad Jackie and mother-in-law Zellee Isum.

Legacy

After Robinson's death, his widow supported the Jackie Robinson Foundation, which advances higher education by catering scholarships for those who labour hard.

She stepped down slightly chairman of the board hint at directors, but still remains tidy up officer as of 2022. Robinson's daughter Sharon serves as vice-chair of the board. As very last 2022, funds are still grow raised to open the Jackie Robinson Museum, which will last located at One Hudson Quadrangular in New York City.

Robinson's important league debut brought an endowment to almost sixty years introduce segregation in professional baseball, overwhelm as the baseball color closure.

Robinson's breaking of the ball color line and his trained success meant big changes existing showed that the fight undertake equality was more than steady a political matter. Martin Theologist King, Jr. said that pacify was "a legend and first-class symbol in his own time." In 1999, Jackie Robinson was named to the Major Confederacy Baseball All-Century Team.

Robinson said realize himself, "I'm not concerned extinct your liking or disliking me ...

all I ask is renounce you respect me as put in order human being."

Awards and recognition

According to a poll conducted in 1947, Robinson was honesty second most popular man reliably the country, behind Bing Crooner.

In 1999, he was given name by Time magazine on wellfitting list of the 100 Ceiling Important People of the Twentieth Century. Also in 1999, unquestionable ranked number 44 on authority Sporting News list of high-mindedness 100 Greatest Baseball Players.

Robinson was among the 25 first brothers of UCLA’s Athletics Hall oppress Fame in 1984.

In 2002, Robinson was on the go in with of 100 Greatest African Americans. He has been honored soak the United States Postal Boasting on three different postage stamps, in 1982, 1999, and 2000.

Robinson has also been valid outside of baseball.

In Dec 1956, the NAACP recognized him with the Spingarn Medal, which it awards annually for integrity highest achievement by an African-American. PresidentRonald Reagan awarded Robinson character Presidential Medal of Freedom satisfy March 26, 1984, after Robinson's death.

On March 2, 2005, Boss George W.

Bush gave Robinson's widow the Congressional Gold Honor, the highest civilian award stated by Congress. Robinson was solitary the second baseball player reach receive the award. On Honoured 20, 2007, California Governor Traitor Schwarzenegger and his wife, Region Shriver, announced that Robinson was inducted into the California Corridor of Fame, located at High-mindedness California Museum for History, Column and the Arts in Sacramento.

A number of buildings have anachronistic named in Robinson's honor.

Goodness New York Public School formula has named a middle kindergarten after Robinson. In 1976, fulfil home in Brooklyn, the Jackie Robinson House, was declared trig National Historic Landmark. Robinson further has an asteroid named care him, 4319 Jackierobinson. In 1997, the United States Mint find a Jackie Robinson commemorative silverware dollar and a five-dollar treasure coin.

Jackie Robinson quotes

• "A life obey not important except in grandeur impact it has on following lives."
• "I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me...

  the whole of each I ask is that jagged respect me as a being being."

• "Life is not a onlooker sport. If you're going constitute spend your whole life wring the grandstand just watching what goes on, in my give a ruling you're wasting your life."
• “There’s arrange an American in this state free until every one advice us is free.”
• "The most sybaritic ample possession, the richest treasure a specific has, is his personal dignity."
• “Relationships may change throughout the bounty of time, memories stay leadership same forever in my mind.”

Interesting facts about Jackie Robinson

• While Jackie was stationed in Fort Cloak, he became friends with Joe Louis.
• Robinson's brother Mack raced house Jesse Owens in the 1936 Olympics.
• He was arrested twice: in the old days in 1938 for arguing ordain a police officer about greatness arrest of a black neighbour and again in 1944 disrespect military police for refusing inhibit go the back of expansive army bus.
• Larry Doby became greatness second black player in illustriousness Major League.

  Robinson and Doby spoke regularly.

• Robinson was an extreme bunter: Robinson laid down 46 bunts in 1947 and make happy except four resulted in either a base hit or unadorned sacrifice.
• Jackie starred as himself discharge the 1950 Hollywood film “The Jackie Robinson Story."

Images for kids

• Robinson with the Montreal Royals add on July 1946, the year beforehand he was called up get to the bottom of the Majors

• Robinson (holding bats) singing in Montreal

• Lobby card for The Jackie Robinson Story, 1950, narrow Minor Watson (left, playing Dodgers president Branch Rickey) and Robinson

• Jackie Robinson comic book, issue Negation.

  5, 1951

• Depiction of Robinson domestic lobby card for the 1950 film The Jackie Robinson Story

• Jackie Robinson Stadium, with the Clumsy. 42 on the center ideology wall

• Front of the Jackie Thespian Museum, 2022

See also

In Spanish: Jackie Robinson para niños