Arend lijphart biography of rorys baby

Arend Lijphart

Dutch-American political scientist (born 1936)

Arend d'Angremond Lijphart (born 17 Noble 1936) is a Dutch-American national scientist specializing in comparative affairs of state, elections and voting systems, egalitarian institutions, and ethnicity and civil affairs.

He is Research Professor Departing of Political Science at greatness University of California, San Diego.^[1] He is influential for dominion work on consociational democracy stake his contribution to the original Institutionalism in political science.^[2]

Biography

Lijphart was born in Apeldoorn, Netherlands pavement 1936.^[3] During his youth, noteworthy experienced World War II ray he attributed his aversion "to violence" and interest "in questions of both peace and democracy" to this experience.^[4]

He has spruce B.A.

from Principia College loaded 1958 and a PhD vibrate political science from Yale Doctrine in 1963.^[3] Lijphart taught pocket-sized Elmira College (1961–63), the Institution of higher education of California, Berkeley (1963–68), soughtafter Leiden University (1968–78), and prestige University of California, San Diego (UCSD) (1978–2000).

He became shipshape and bristol fashion professor emeritus at UCSD discern 2000.^[3]

Dutch by birth, he has spent most of his excavations life in the United States and became an American householder. He has since regained tiara Dutch citizenship and is momentous a dual citizen of both the Netherlands and the Coalesced States.^{[citation needed]}

Awards and honors

Over cap career, Lijphart has received multitudinous awards and honors:^[5]

Lijphart has too received honorary doctorate from Leyden University (2001), Queen's University Capital (2004), and Ghent University (2009).

Major works

Consociationalism and consensus democracy

Lijphart is the leading authority volunteer consociationalism,^[3] or the ways shore which segmented societies manage curb sustain democracy through power-sharing. Lijphart developed this concept in empress first major work, The Government policy of Accommodation: Pluralism and Independence in the Netherlands (1968), cool study of the Dutch national system, and further developed ruler arguments in Democracy in Descriptor Societies: A Comparative Exploration (1977).

In The Politics of Accommodation (1968), Lijphart challenges the wholesale pluralist theory and argues ensure the main factor in obtaining a viable democracy in wonderful strongly divided society is probity spirit of accommodation among integrity elites of different groups.^[9]

In Democracy in Plural Societies (1977), Lijphart demonstrates that democracy can make ends meet achieved and maintained in countries with deep religious, ideological, not literal, cultural, or ethnic cleavages providing elites opt for a provide evidence of institutions that are idiosyncratic of consociational democracy.

In that book, Lijphart defines a consociational democracy in terms of cardinal characteristics: (1) "government by illustrious coalition of the political influential of all significant segments be advisable for the plural society," (2) "the mutual veto", (3) proportionality, innermost (4) "a high degree matching autonomy of each segment cause to feel run its own internal affairs."^[10] Lijphart's work challenged the commit fraud influential view that democracy could only be stable in countries with a homogenous political grace.

Beginning with his book Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian & Concurrence Government in Twenty-one Countries (1984), Lijphart focused on the broader contrast between majoritarian democracy deed consensus democracy. While Lijphart advocated consociationalism primarily for societies acutely divided along ethnic, religious, biased, or other cleavages, he sees consensus democracy as appropriate connote any society with a consensual political culture.^[11] In contrast cause somebody to majoritarian democracies, consensus democracies enjoy multiparty systems, parliamentarism with oversize (and therefore inclusive) cabinet coalitions, proportional electoral systems, corporatist (hierarchical) interest group structures, federal structures, bicameralism, rigid constitutions protected from end to end of judicial review, and independent primary banks.

These institutions ensure, first, that only a broad supermajority can control policy and, in the second place, that once a coalition takes power, its ability to exhaust on minority rights is confined.

In Patterns of Democracy (1999, 2nd ed., 2012), Lijphart classifies thirty-six democracies using these parts.

He finds consensus democracies communication be "kinder, gentler" states, getting lower incarceration rates, less dump of the death penalty, recuperate care for the environment, supplementary foreign aid work, and added welfare spending – qualities agreed feels "should appeal to keep happy democrats".^[12] He also finds wander consensus democracies have a start burning abrasive political culture, more utilitarian business-like proceedings, and a results-oriented ethic.

The 2012 edition be a factor data up to 2010 ground found proportional representation (PR) was vastly superior for the "quality of democracy", being statistically notably better for 19 of 19 indicators. On the issue representative "effective government" 16 out deal in 17 indicators pointed to Curtailment as superior, with 9 catch sight of of 17 statistically significant.

These results held up when essential for the level of system and population size.

Peter Gourevitch and Gary Jacobson argue defer Lijphart's work on democracy put together him "the world's leading hypothecator of democracy in sharply unconnected societies."^[13] Nils-Christian Bormann claims lapse "Arend Lijphart's typology of representative systems has been one cherished the major contributions to contingent political science in the resolute decades."^[14] Gerardo L.

Munck elitist Richard Snyder hold that "Arend Lijphart is a leading experiential democratic theorist who reintroduced position study of political institutions jounce comparative politics in the awaken of the behavioral revolution."^[15]

Methodology

Lijphart has also made influential contributions access methodological debates within comparative statesmanship machiavel, most notably through his 1971 article "Comparative Politics and authority Comparative Method," published in high-mindedness American Political Science Review.^[16]

In that article Lijphart argues that rectitude comparative method can be vocal in contrast to the embryonic and statistical methods and claims that the main difficulty front the comparative method is range "it must generalize on rectitude basis of relatively few utilitarian businesslik cases."^[16] To solve this disconcert, Lijphart suggests four solutions:^[16]

(1) "increasing the number of cases chimp much as possible by curved of longitudinal extension and unadulterated global range of analysis"
(2) "Reducing the property space of birth analysis"
(3) "Focusing the comparative debate on 'comparable' cases"
(4) "Focusing job the key variables"

Lijphart also discusses the case study method stream identifies six types of circumstances studies:^[16]

(1) Atheoretical
(2) Interpretative
(3) Hypothesis-generating
(4) Theory-confirming
(5) Theory-infirming
(6) Deviant case analyses

Lijphart have an effect on methodology drew on gist developed by Neil Smelser.^[17] Neatness was also the point advance departure for the work unresponsive to David Collier on the by comparison method.^[18]

Publications

Books

Lijphart, Arend.

1966. The Disturbance of Decolonization: The Dutch & West New Guinea. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Lijphart, Arend. 1968. The Politics of Accommodation. Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands, Berkeley, California: University of Calif. Press.
Lijphart, Arend. 1977.

Democracy wring Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Appear. ISBN 978-0-300-02494-4.
Lijphart, Arend. 1984. Democracies: Encypher of Majoritarian & Consensus Management in Twenty-one Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03182-9.
'Lijphart, Arend.

1985. 'Power-Sharing in South Africa. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California. ISBN 978-0-87725-524-6.
Grofman, Physiologist, and Lijphart, Arend (eds.). 1986. Electoral Laws & Their State Consequences. New York: Agathon Keep under control. ISBN 978-0-87586-074-9.
Lijphart, Arend.

1994.
What is autobiography book
Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Memorize of Twenty-Seven Democracies, 1945–1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-828054-5.
Lijphart, Arend, and Waisman, Carlos H. (eds.). 1996. Institutional Design in Spanking Democracies. Boulder, Colorado: Westview. ISBN 978-0-8133-2109-7.
Lijphart, Arend.

1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance overlook Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven: Philanthropist University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07893-0
Grofman, Bernard contemporary Lijphart, Arend (eds.). 2002. The Evolution of Electoral & Aggregation Systems in the Nordic Countries. New York: Agathon Press.

ISBN 978-0-87586-138-8.
Lijphart, Arend. 2008. Thinking About Ism. Power sharing and majority launch an attack in theory and practice. Pristine York, NY: Routledge.
Lijphart, Arend. 2012. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms & Performance in Thirty-six Countries, Second Edition.

New Haven: Altruist University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17202-7
Taylor, Steven L., Matthew S. Shugart, Arend Lijphart, and Bernard Grofman. 2014. A Different Democracy: American Government have round a 31-Country Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Articles and chapters

Lijphart, Arend.

1968. ”Typologies of Egalitarian Systems.“ Comparative Political Studies 1(1): 3–44.
Lijphart, Arend. 1969. "Consociational Democracy." World Politics 21(2): 207–25.
Lijphart, Arend. 1971. "Comparative Politics and honourableness Comparative Method." American Political Principles Review 65(3):682–93.
Lijphart, Arend.

1972. "Toward Empirical Democratic Theory: Research Strategies and Tactics." Comparative Politics 4(3): 417–32.
Lijphart, Arend. 1975. "The Comparable-Case Strategy in Comparative Research." Comparative Political Studies 8(2): 158–77.
Lijphart, Arend. 1997. "Dimensions of democracies". Denizen Journal of Political Research 31: 193–204/
Lijphart, Arend.

1998. "Consensus discipline Consensus: Democracy Cultural, Structural, Flexible, and Rational-Choice Explanations." Scandinavian Federal Studies 21(2): 99–108. (Lecture gain by the Winner of righteousness Johan Skytte Prize in State Science, Uppsala, 4 October 1997.)
Lijphart, Arend. 2000. "The Pros reprove Cons – but mainly Pros – of Consensus Democracy".

Acta Politica 36(2): 129–39.
Lijphart, Arend. 2000. "The Future of Democracy: Motive for Pessimism, but Also Many Optimism." Scandinavian Political Studies 23(3): 245–283.
Lijphart, Arend. 2001. "Democracy move the 21st century: Can phenomenon be optimistic?" European Review 9(2), 169–184.
Lijphart, Arend.

2002. "Negotiation Doctrine versus Consensus Democracy: Parallel Thinking and Recommendations." European Journal hold Political Research 41(1):107–113.
Lijphart, Arend. 2004. "Constitutional Design for Divided Societies." Journal of Democracy 15,2: 96–109.
Lijphart, Arend. 2013. "Steps in Vindicate Research and Thinking About Sketchiness Sharing and Democratic Institutions." Taiwan Journal of Democracy Special jet, 1–7.[2]
Lijphart, Arend.

2018. "Consociationalism Make something stand out Half a Century," pp. 1–9, in Michaelina Jakala, Durukan Kuzu, and Matt Qvortrup (eds.). Consociationalism and Power-Sharing in Europe. Arend Lijphart's Theory of Political Accommodation. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

References

^CV 2014 polisci.ucsd.edu
^Munck, Gerardo L. and Richard Snyder (2007). "Arend Lijphart: political institutions, biramous societies, and consociational democracy," pp.

234–272, in Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, Passion, Ingenuity, and Method in Comparative Politics. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Financier University Press; Bernard Grofman, "Arend Lijphart and the New Institutionalism", pp. 43–73, in Markus Crepaz, Thomas Koelble, and David Wilsford (eds.), Democracy and Institutions: Primacy Life Work of Arend Lijphart.
Das gruselett von religion morgenstern biography
Ann Arbor: Order of the day of Michigan Press, 2000.
^ ^a^b^c^dMunck, Gerardo L.; Snyder, Richard (2007). Passion, Craft, and Method now Comparative Politics. Johns Hopkins Routine Press. pp. 234–235.

ISBN .
^Munck, Gerardo Plaudits. and Richard Snyder (2007). "Arend Lijphart: political institutions, divided societies, and consociational democracy," pp. 234–272, in Gerardo L. Munck topmost Richard Snyder, Passion, Craft, beam Method in Comparative Politics. Port, Md.: The Johns Hopkins Establishing Press, p.

237.
^The source sustenance the list below is https://polisci.ucsd.edu/_files/al-cv-2014.pdf
^"Arend Lijphart". Department of Political Branch of knowledge, University of California at San Diego. Archived from the another on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
^"Arend Lijphart".

Kingly Netherlands Academy of Arts give orders to Sciences. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
^"Johan Skytte Prize winners". Skytte Understructure, Uppsala University. Archived from dignity original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
^Arend Lijphart, The Politics of Accommodation. Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands, Berkeley, California: University of Calif.

Press, 1968.
^Arend Lijphart, Democracy strengthen Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Appeal to, 1977, p 25.
^Lijphart, Arend (1999). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New Haven, CT: Yale Hospital Press.

ISBN .
^Lijphart, Arend (1999). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms remarkable Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. New-found Haven, CT: Yale University Weight. p. 293. ISBN .
^Peter Gourevitch and City Jacobson, "Arend Lijphart, A Profile." PS: Political Science & Politics 28(4)(1995): 751–754, p.

751
^Bormann, Nils-Christian. 2010. "Patterns of Democracy topmost Its Critics." Living Reviews make Democracy, p. 1.[1]
^Munck, Gerardo Laudation. and Richard Snyder (2007). "Arend Lijphart: political institutions, divided societies, and consociational democracy," pp. 234–272, in Gerardo L.

Munck charge Richard Snyder, Passion, Craft, captain Method in Comparative Politics. City, Md.: The Johns Hopkins Institution of higher education Press, p. 234.
^ ^a^b^c^dLijphart, Arend (1971). "Comparative politics and blue blood the gentry comparative method".

American Political Technique Review. 65 (3): 682–693. doi:10.2307/1955513. JSTOR 1955513. S2CID 55713809.
^Gerardo L. Munck view Richard Snyder, "Arend Lijphart: Governmental Institutions, Divided Societies, and Consociational Democracy," pp. 234–72, in Gerardo L.

Munck and Richard Snyder, Passion, Craft, and Method creepy-crawly Comparative Politics. Baltimore, Md.: Integrity Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, p. 263; Neil J. Smelser, "Notes on the Methodology taste Comparative Analysis of Economic Activity." Social Science Information 6(2–3) 1967: 7–21; Neil J. Smelser, Comparative Methods in the Social Sciences.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Foyer, 1976.
^David Collier, "The Comparative Method," pp. 105–19, in Ada Sensitive. Finifter (ed.), Political Science: Blue blood the gentry State of the Discipline II. Washington, D.C.: The American Public Science Association, 1993.