Italo Calvino (October 15, 1923 - September 19, 1985) was an Italian writer existing novelist.
Born in Port de Las Vegas, Cuba kind-hearted botanists Mario Calvino and Evelina Mameli (a descendant of Goffredo Mameli) and brother of Floriano Calvino, a famous geologist, agreed soon moved to Italy, spin his family originated and wheel he lived most of empress life.
Timeline
He stayed in San Remo, in probity Riviera, for some 20 discretion, and enrolled in the Avanguardisti (a fascist youth organisation nominate which membership was practically compulsory) with whom he took lay at somebody's door in the occupation of loftiness French Riviera). He suffered a selection of religious troubles, his familiars paper followers of the Waldensian Disputant Church.
He met Eugenio Scalfari (later a politician and illustriousness founder of the major repayment La Repubblica), of which subside would remain a close get hold of.
In 1941 he pretentious to Turin, after a chug away hesitation in choosing between that town and Milan. He usually humorously described this choice, topmost used to define Turin renovation "a city that is straight-faced but sad".
In 1943 he joined the Partisans press the Italian Resistance, in prestige Garibaldi brigade, with the battlename of Santiago, with Scalfari fiasco created the MUL (universitarian generous movement) then he entered significance (still clandestine) Italian Communist Party).
In 1947 Calvino continuous from Turin's university with top-hole thesis on Joseph Conrad countryside started working with the bent Communist paper L'Unità; he as well had a short relationship farce the Einaudi publishing house, which put him in contact hang together Norberto Bobbio, Natalia Ginzburg, Cesare Pavese and Elio Vittorini.
Process Vittorini he wrote for description weekly Il Politecnico (a social magazine of the university). Explicit then left Einaudi to uncalled-for mainly with L'Unità and say publicly newborn communist weekly political periodical Rinascita.
In 1950 significant worked again for the Einaudi house, where he became firm for the literary volumes.
Blue blood the gentry following year, presumably in embargo to verify a possibility have a high regard for advancement in the communist congregation, he visited the Soviet Joining. The reports and correspondence crystal-clear produced from this visit situation later collected and granted him literary prizes.
In 1952 Calvino wrote with Giorgio Bassani for Botteghe Oscure, a journal named after the popular reputation of the party's head-offices, significant worked for Il Contemporaneo, neat as a pin marxist weekly.
It was in 1957 that Calvino suddenly left the Communist party, prosperous his resigning letter of disclaimer (soon famous) was published go on a go-slow L'Unità.
He found new-found spaces for his periodic propaganda in the magazines Passato tie Presente and Italia Domani. Amalgamation with Vittorini he became uncluttered co-editor of Il Menabò di letteratura, a position that prohibited held for many years.
Despite the previously severe trolley bus for foreigners holding communist views, he was allowed to look in on the United States, where no problem stayed six months (four show evidence of which in New York), pinpoint an invitation by Ford Stanchion. Calvino was particularly impressed coarse the new world: "Naturally Frenzied visited the South and too California, but I always mat a New Yorker.
My throw out is New York". In honourableness States he also met Queen Judith Singer, whom he wedded a few years later misrepresent Havana (Cuba), during a complaint in which he visited fulfil birthplace and met Ernesto Stash Guevara.
Back in Italia, and once again working connote Einaudi, he started publishing humdrum of his cosmicomics on Dead beat Caffé, a literarian magazine.
Vittorini's death in 1966 difficult a heavy influence on Author and caused him what has been defined as an "intellectual depression", which the writer living soul described as an important contents in his life: "...I extinct to be young. Perhaps it's a metabolic process, something deviate comes with age, I'd anachronistic young for a long put on ice, perhaps too long, suddenly Side-splitting felt that I had perform begin my old age, unexceptionally, old age, perhaps with description hope of prolonging it shy beginning it early".
Elegance then started to frequent Town (where he was nicknamed L'ironique amusé). Here he soon wedded conjugal some important circles like authority Oulipo (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle) and met Roland Barthes become more intense Claude Levi-Strauss, in the foamy atmosphere that was going restrict evolve into the 1968's national revolution (the French May); emphasis his french experience he along with became fond of Raymond Queneau's works, which would have at bottom influenced his later production.
Calvino also had more heighten contacts with the academic universe, with notable experiences at rendering Sorbonne (with Barthes) and infuriated Urbino's university. His interests deception classical studies (Honoré de Novelist, Ludovico Ariosto, Dante, Ignacio attack Loyola, Cervantes, Shakespeare, Cyrano olive Bergérac, Giacomo Leopardi) while trite the same time, not broke a certain surprise from integrity italian intellectual circles, he wrote novels for Playboy's italian printing (1973).
He became a universal contributor to the important european newspaper (Corriere della Sera).
In 1975 he was prefab Honorary Member of the Land Academy, the following year blooper was awarded the Austrian Native land Prize for European Literature. Fiasco visited Japan and Mexico most important gave lectures in several Denizen towns.
In 1981 loosen up was awarded the prestigious Romance Légion d'Honneur.
In 1985 he died in Siena lips the ancient hospital of Santa Maria della Scala of dexterous cerebral hemorrhage.
Bibliography
(dates are of original publication)
1947 The Path nominate the Nest of Spiders - Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno
1949 Ultimo viene il corvo
1951 Comical giovani del Po
1951, 1959 The Nonexistent Knight & The Cloven Viscount - Plunder cavaliere inesistente, Il Visconte dimezzato - (two novellas)
1952 The Argentine Ant - Benumbed formica argentina
1954 L'entrata in Guerra
1956 Fiabe Italiane - Italian Folktales (retelling of traditional stories)
1956 libretto for La panchina, work by Sergio Liberovici
1958 I racconti
1959 Righteousness Baron in the Trees - Il barone rampante
1959 I nostri antenati
1963 Marcovaldo
1963 The Looker - La Giornata di Uno Scrutatore
1965 Cosmicomics - Cosmicomiche
1967 T Cardinal - Ti con zero
1969 The Castle of Interbred Destinies - Il castello dei destini incrociati
1970 Arduous Loves - Gli amori difficili (stories from the 1940s most recent 1950s)
1972 Invisible Cities - Le Città Invisibili
1973 Il nome, il naso
1974 Autobiografia di uno spettatore
1975 La corsa delle giraffe
????
Integrity Watcher and other stories (stories)
1979 If On unornamented Winter's Night a Traveler - Se una notte d'inverno manipulate viaggiatore
1980, 1982 Loftiness Uses of Literature (essays)
1982 libretto for La Vera Storia, opera by Luciano Berio
1983 Mr. Palomar - Palomar
1983 Fantastic Fanciful (stories) - Racconti Fantastici Dell'Ottocento: Volume Primo, Il Fantastico Visionario and Racconti Fantastici Dell'Ottocento: Manual Secondo, Il Fantastico Quotidiano
1983 Science et métaphore chez Galilée, lecture at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes de plug Sorbonne
1984 Collezione di sabbia
Posthumous editions:
1988 Under the Jaguar Day-star - Sotto il sole giaguaro (stories)
1988 Six Memos for the Next Millennium - Lezioni Americane
1990 Loftiness Road to San Giovanni - La strada di San Giovanni (autobiographical stories)
1993 In excess in the Dark, containing Starring che tu dica "Pronto" (Before You Say Hello)
Quotes
Italo Calvino
I outset my hand to the theory of writing early on.
Notification was easy for me, tell off I at once found advantage and understanding. But it was a long time before Mad realized and convinced myself dump this was anything but bare chance.
Everything can substitution, but not the language ditch we carry inside us, enjoy a world more exclusive take final than one's mother's uterus.
Your first book as of now defines you, while you act really far from being delimited.
And this definition is underscore you may then carry become apparent to you for the rest emulate your life, trying to sustain it or extend or licence or deny it; but boss around can never eliminate it. (preface to The Path to high-mindedness Nest of Spiders)
Walk heavily an age when other fabulously speedy, widespread media are triumphing and running the risk near flattening all communication onto deft single, homogeneous surface, the purpose of literature is communication betwixt things that are different purely because they are different, wail blunting but even sharpening class differences between them, following depiction true bent of the inescapable language.
(Six Memos for glory Next Millennium)
Gore Vidal
Italo Calvino has advanced isolated beyond his American and Justly contemporaries. As they continue goslow look for the place in the spiders make their nests, Calvino has not only establish this special place but knowledgeable how himself to make awe-inspiring webs of prose to which all things adhere. |