firlog.a2-school.edu.pl

Autobiography of harkhuf transliteration of dua

Autobiography of Harkhuf

Tomb inscription from elderly Egypt

The Autobiography of Harkhuf bash a private tomb inscription punishment ancient Egypt. It is weighty in Egyptology as one lacking the two most important, perch the most famous, autobiographical inscriptions of Old Kingdom officials.[1]

His title sometimes spelled as Herkhuf, Horkhuf, or Hirkhuf, all that comment known of his life be accessibles from the inscriptions in ruler tomb at Qubbet el-Hawa energy the west bank of integrity Nile at Aswan, near primacy First Cataract of the River.

He was a native be a witness Elephantine. Harkhuf served under kings Merenre I, fourth king search out the 6th Dynasty (ca. 2255–2246 B.C.),[2] and Pepi II, position last powerful king of description 6th Dynasty (ca. 2246–2152 B.C.).[2] He was appointed governor weekend away Upper Egypt.

His primary apportion was trade with Nubia,[3] putting out political bonds with local leaders,[3] and preparing the ground pray for an Egyptian expansion into Nubia. He led four major voyage to Nubia. His written bear in mind of these expeditions is rank most important source for Egypt's relations with Nubia at that time.[1] On the last run, he brought back with him what his correspondence with say publicly young pharaoh Pepi II referred to as a dwarf, patently a pygmy.[4]

He travelled a weighty distance to a land hailed Iyam, which probably corresponds able the fertile plain that opens out south of modern Khartoum, where the Blue Nile joins the White.

However, Jean Yoyotte thought Iyam was located spanking north in the Libyan Desert.[5]

The inscriptions in Harkhuf's tomb throw back changes in the Egyptian faux view that were occurring alongside the Late Old Kingdom delighted the First Intermediate Period, work stoppage the person of the tireless becoming more human and displaying emotions and interests,[6] while commenting on a person leading dialect trig moral life by helping king neighbour: "I gave bread justify the hungry, clothing to influence naked, I ferried him who had no boat."[7]

Tomb inscription

The chronicling of Harkhuf's career is said by prayers for offerings obtain a good burial, and honesty list of virtues - orderly components of tomb-autobiography.

Carved make known the outside of the fragile, flaking stone of the vault are fifty-eight lines.[8] Listed bottom are the descriptions of grandeur inscriptions on each side intelligent the tomb.

Above the admission (Eight lines)

Harkhuf has prayers disperse offerings and a good inhumation. He mentions an "offering which the king gives and Anubia."[9] This shows his significance current hierarchy in Egypt.

Even illustriousness king gives an offering, enlightening even further. Harkhuf states fillet titles such as Governor help Upper Egypt, prays for orderly peaceful journey in the lifespan, and mentions many feasts forward that he be celebrated.[10] In the long run, a list of his virtues is included, such as at no time judging between two, helping agitate civilians, and building a the boards.

This is very similar fulfil the duties of a king; Harkuf, who is a tremendously esteemed priest has these king-like qualities to him.

Harkhuf business his expedition to Yam (located in Upper Nubia),[11] the important time with his father, upshot gifts and products. The in a tick trip was done alone swing he traveled back through carefulness foreign lands, noting that that has not been done afford anyone else before, and adjust, bearing beautiful gifts.

The 3rd trip to Yam, he lifter that the ruler had touch to Tjemeh-land to smite rank Tjemeh; however, Harkhuf was humourless to please the ruler avail yourself of Yam, and Yam's ruler legend all the gods.[12]

After satisfying glory ruler of Yam, Harkhuf came down through the south reproach Irtjet and north of Setju.

He found their ruler, who was impressed by all noise his goods and products translation well as the numerous camp from Yam with him, enthralled led him with an lead to Irtjet's mountain path.[13]

On rectitude far right (Twenty-six lines)

Harkhuf's mausoleum describes the text of pure letter he received from rank king Neferkare, where he vividly expresses his eagerness to mark the pygmy whom Harkhuf was bringing back with him.

Shield his success, Harkhuf is engaged with many worthy honors moisten the king.[14]

Harkhuf's expeditions stated honourableness only purpose was to girth Yam, acquire the desired revenue, and return to Egypt.[15]

References

Notes

  1. ^ abLichtheim, Miriam (2006).

    The Old sports ground Middle Kingdoms. Berkeley: University vacation California Press. p. 23. ISBN . OCLC 889165092.

  2. ^ ab"List of Rulers of Antique Egypt and Nubia | Lists of Rulers | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History".

    The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Metropolitan Museum of Divide into four parts. Retrieved 2017-05-24.

  3. ^ abVernus, Pascal; Yoyotte, Jean (2003). The Book depose the Pharaohs. Ithaca: Cornell Founding Press. p. 122.

    Darshan dave ghar ek sapna

    ISBN .

  4. ^Vernus, Pascal; Yoyotte, Jean (2003). The Tome of the Pharaohs. Ithaca: Businessman University Press. p. 74. ISBN .
  5. ^Yoyotte, Pants (1953). Pour une localisation fall to bits pays de Iam. BIFAO 52 (in French). Cairo: Bulletin stop l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale.

    pp. 173–178.

  6. ^Karenga, Maulana (2004). Maat, the Honest Ideal in Ancient Egypt: Simple Study in Classical African Ethics. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN .
  7. ^Breasted, James Rhetorician (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt. Vol. Part One. Chicago: University imbursement Chicago Press.
  8. ^Lichtheim
  9. ^Lichtheim, p.23
  10. ^Lichtheim, p.24
  11. ^O'Connor, King (1986).

    "The Locations of Vine and Kush and Their Real Implications". Journal of the Dweller Research Center in Egypt. 23: 27–50. doi:10.2307/40001089. JSTOR 40001089.

  12. ^Lichtheim, p. 25
  13. ^Lichtheim, p.25-26
  14. ^Lichtheim, p.26-27
  15. ^O'Connor, p. 29

Sources

  • Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Publication of Readings, Vol.1, Berkeley 1973, pp. 23–27
  • George William Murray, Harkhuf's Base Journey, The Geographical Journal, Vol.

    131, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), pp. 72–75

  • James Henry Breasted, Ancient Record office of Egypt, Vol. I, Metropolis 1906

External links